Transformasi Peradilan Pidana: Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dan Pendekatan Restoratif

Abstract

The transformation of the criminal justice system has become an urgent need in addressing the dynamics of modern law, which demands a more inclusive and just approach. Traditional approaches, often repressive in nature, tend to overlook the aspects of recovery for victims, offenders, and society. In this context, the perspective of human rights offers a framework that emphasizes respect for human dignity, while the restorative justice approach prioritizes dialogue, reconciliation, and collective responsibility. This article analyzes the importance of integrating human rights principles and restorative justice in reforming the criminal justice system. The study employs a normative legal research method with a literature review approach, utilizing sources such as books, journals, and relevant scholarly works. The findings indicate that the transformation of the criminal justice system faces several challenges, including regulatory obstacles, low public awareness, and resistance within law enforcement institutions. Nevertheless, adopting a human rights-based and restorative approach is believed to be capable of producing a criminal justice system that is not only effective in enforcing the law but also supports social recovery and the prevention of future violations.

Transformasi sistem peradilan pidana menjadi urgensi dalam menghadapi dinamika hukum modern yang menuntut pendekatan lebih inklusif dan berkeadilan. Pendekatan tradisional yang bersifat represif seringkali mengabaikan aspek pemulihan bagi korban, pelaku, dan masyarakat. Dalam konteks ini, perspektif hak asasi manusia (HAM) menawarkan kerangka kerja yang menekankan penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia, sedangkan pendekatan keadilan restoratif mengedepankan dialog, rekonsiliasi, dan tanggung jawab kolektif. Artikel ini menganalisis pentingnya integrasi prinsip-prinsip HAM dan keadilan restoratif dalam reformasi sistem peradilan pidana. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, menggunakan sumber-sumber seperti buku, jurnal, dan karya ilmiah relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi sistem peradilan pidana menghadapi sejumlah tantangan, termasuk kendala regulasi, rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat, dan resistensi dari lembaga penegak hukum. Meskipun demikian, adopsi pendekatan berbasis HAM dan restoratif diyakini mampu menghasilkan sistem peradilan pidana yang tidak hanya efektif dalam penegakan hukum, tetapi juga mendukung pemulihan sosial serta pencegahan pelanggaran hukum di masa depan.